Individual Task 1

 

INDIVIDUAL TASK

 

Name : Syabiila Sanjaya Putri

Nim    : 2088203059

Class  : 6A2

 

Vocabulary logs

1.     Courant (ko͝oˈränt)

Part of speech : adjective

Indonesia : pelayan

Definition : represented as running.

e.g "white horse courant"

 

2.     Massive (ˈmasiv)

Part of speech : adjective

Indonesia : besar sekali

Definition : large and heavy or solid.

e.g "a massive rampart of stone"

Synonyms : king size, titanic, mighty

 

3.     Copious (ˈkōpēəs)

Part of speech : adjective

Indonesia : banyak sekali

Definition : abundant in supply or quantity.

e.g "she took copious notes"

Synonyms : galore, lank, generous, full

 

4.     Lay (lā)

Part of speech : verb

Indonesia : berbaring

Definition : (of a female bird, insect, reptile, or amphibian) produce (an egg) from inside the body.

e.g "flamingos lay only one egg"

Synonyms : produce, oviposit

 

5.     exemplified

Part of speech : verb

Indonesia : dicontohkan

Definition : be a typical example of.

e.g "rock bands the best exemplify the spirit of the age"

Synonyms : typify, epitomize, represent

 

Summary the text

History

The ear liest known journalistic product was a news sheet circulated in ancient Rome: the Acta Diurna, said to date from  before 59 BCE. In China during the Tang dynasty,a court circular called    a bao, or “report,” was issued to government officials. This gazette appeared in various forms and under various names more or less continually to the end of the Qing dynasty in 1911. At first hindered by government-imposed censorship, taxes, and other restrictions, newspapers in the 18th century came to enjoy the reportorial freedom and indispensable function that they have retained to the present day. Magazines, which had started in the 17th century as learned journals, began to feature  opinion-forming  articles on current affairs, such as those in the Tatler (1709–11) and the Spectator (1711–12). In the late 20th century,satellites and later the Internet were used for the long-distance transmission of journalistic information.

 

The profession

Journalism in the  20th century was marked by a growing sense  of professionalism.Before the latter part of the 19th century,most.journalists learned their craft as apprentices,beginning as copyboys or cub reporters. The literature of the subject—which in 1900 was limited  to two textbooks,a few collections of lectures and essays,and asmall number of histories and biographies—became copious and varied by  the late 20th century.  Concern for social responsibility in journalisml was largerly product of the late 19th and 20th centuries. By       the late 20th century, studies showed that journalists as a group were generally idealistic about their role in bringing the facts to the public  in an impartial manner. Various societies of journalists issued statements of ethics, of which that  of the American  Society of Newspaper Editors is perhaps best known.

 

Present-day journalism

Although the core of journalism has always been the news, the latter word has acquired so many secondary meanings that the term “hard news” gained currency to distinguish items of definite news value from others of marginal significance. Journalism in book form has a short but vivid history. The 20th century saw a renewal of the strictures and  limitations imposed upon the press by governments. Under such a system, the prime function of the press to report the news was combined with the duty to uphold and support the national ideology and the declared goals of the state. Whereas traditional journalism originated during a time when information  was scarce and thus highly in demand,21st-century journalism faced an information-saturated market.in which news had been, to some degree, devalued by its overabundance. In the second decade of the 21st century, social media platforms         in particular facilitated the spread of politically oriented “fake            news,”            a kind of disinformation produced by for-profit Web sites posing as legitimate news organizations and designed to attract (and mislead) certain readers by exploiting  entrenched partisan biases.

 

Reflection

for me the most important of journalism is the collection, preparation, and distribution of news and related commentary  and feature materials  through  such print and electronic media as newspapers, magazines, books, blogs,  webcasts, podcasts, social networking and social media sites, and e-mail as well as  through radio, motion  pictures,  and television. With Journalism, you can gain a better understanding of how a newspaper works and the various aspects involved in creating each issue.  I found every part of this paper interesting, including the reporting, article writing, editing, photography, layout formatting, and business management, and how paper creation brings together different disciplines.